诊断医生可以使用几种检查和程序来确定您是否有幽门螺杆菌感染。检查对于检测幽门螺杆菌很重要,但在治疗后也要进行检查,以确保该细菌已被彻底清除。
Stool tests
Breath testDuring a breath test — called a urea breath test — you swallow a pill, liquid or pudding that contains tagged carbon molecules. If you have H. pylori infection, carbon is released when the solution comes in contact with H. pylori in your stomach. Because your body absorbs the carbon, it is released when you breathe out. To measure the release of carbon, you blow into a bag. A special device detects the carbon molecules. This test can be used for adults and for children over 6 years old who are able to cooperate with the test. Scope testA health care provider may conduct a scope test, known as an upper endoscopy exam. Your provider may perform this test to investigate symptoms that may be caused by conditions such as a peptic ulcer or gastritis that may be due to H. pylori. For this exam, you'll be given medication to help you relax. During the exam, your health care provider threads a long, flexible tube with a tiny camera (endoscope) attached down your throat and esophagus and into your stomach and the first part of the intestine (duodenum). This instrument allows your provider to view any problems in your upper digestive tract. Your provider may also take tissue samples (biopsy). These samples are examined for H. pylori infection. Because this test is more invasive than a breath or stool test, it's typically done to diagnose other digestive problems along with H. pylori infection. Health care providers may use this test for additional testing and to look for other digestive conditions. They may also use this test to determine exactly which antibiotic may be best to treat H. pylori infection, especially if the first antibiotics tried didn't get rid of the infection. This test may be repeated after treatment, depending on what is found at the first endoscopy or if symptoms continue after H. pylori infection treatment. Testing considerationsAntibiotics can interfere with the accuracy of testing. In general, retesting is done only after antibiotics have been stopped for four weeks, if possible. Acid-suppressing drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) can also interfere with the accuracy of these tests. It's possible acid-suppressing drugs known as histamine (H-2) blockers may also interfere with the accuracy of these tests. Depending on what medications you're taking, you'll need to stop taking them, if possible, for up to two weeks before the test. Your health care provider will give you specific instructions about your medications. The same tests used for diagnosis can be used to tell if H. pylori infection is gone. If you were previously diagnosed with H. pylori infection, you'll generally wait at least four weeks after you complete your antibiotic treatment to repeat these tests. 治疗治疗幽门螺杆菌感染时通常会同时使用至少两种不同的抗生素,这有助于防止细菌对某种特定抗生素产生耐药性。为促进胃黏膜愈合,医生还可能会开具或推荐抑酸药。 能抑制胃酸分泌的药物包括:
医生可能会建议您在完成治疗至少四周后进行幽门螺杆菌检测。如果检测显示治疗不成功,您可能需要使用其他抗生素药物组合,再进行一轮治疗。 准备您的预约如果您出现幽门螺杆菌感染并发症的体征或症状,请咨询您的初级保健医生。您的医生可能会检查并治疗您的幽门螺杆菌感染,或将您转诊给治疗消化系统疾病的专家(消化科医生)。 由于就诊时间可能很短,而且往往要讨论很多事情,因此最好做好充分准备。以下信息可以帮助您做好就诊准备,并了解医生可能会做些什么。 您能做些什么约诊时,一定要询问是否需要提前做准备,例如限制饮食。在约诊前,您可能需要列出以下问题的答案:
您的就诊时间有限。准备好问题清单使您能充分利用就诊时间。如果是幽门螺杆菌感染,要问医生的基本问题包括:
您约诊期间可随时提问其他问题。 医生可能做些什么医生可能会询问一些问题。准备好回答这些问题,可以让您有更多的时间讨论您想解决的其他问题。医生可能会问:
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